It is not logically necessary for a denominational
doctrine to profess the existence of one or more principal
beings. It is even not necessary that any principal being does
play a role in such a doctrine. (But if it doesn`t, the doctrine
must be a normist one.) The being in principal being
refers to a kind of entity among other entities to which the norm(s) of
a denominational doctrine somehow apply. The principal refers
to the main, or one of the main, roles played by such an entity.
In a normist doctrine a principal being need not be an authority
but, of course, it must be something else than one of the norms
itself. A principal being is a 'god' in our terminology if it
serves as a denominational medium of aggrandizemental exclusivism
in some way, and a 'demon' if it serves as a denominational
medium of abnegational exclusivism. Obviously, these definitions
start from 'regular' theodemonism.
The definition of god does
not hold for 'pantheism', for instance; but rightly so, for
pantheism is totally devoid of any principal being and of any
sensible distinction between the divine and the nondivine. Where
everything is divine, nothing is, and where everything is a
principal being, no being is. It is therefore important not to
lose sight of the fact that on our definition a 'god' is a
principal being. Finally, if a so-called 'god' is supernaturally
conceived but does nowhere serve as an instrument of aggrandizemental
nor as one of abnegational exclusivism by way of the
things it kills, forbids, is ashamed of, dislikes or ignores, we
shall not call it "a god" but rather "a mythological curiosity"
or something of that ilk. Such nonexclusivist supernatural
conceptions seem to be extremely rare or nonexistent tho.
Denominationalism on the basis of the god(s) and/or demon(s)
recognized in the doctrine someone adheres to is theodemonism-related
(person-centered) exclusivism (X.2508). Denominationalism
on the basis of the principal being(s) recognized in the
doctrine someone adheres to, whether theodemonical or not, is
general principalship-related (person-centered) exclusivism
(X.2509). When it concerns the concept of a superior being, the
two forms of principalship-related exism
will be called here
"theism-related" and "general superiority-related exclusivism"
(X.5016 & 5018) respectively. The twin manifestation of
theism-related exism is demonism-related exclusivism (X.5017). This
latter exism pertains both to the attitude towards people who
believe in a devil (and possibly even more demons) and to the
attitude towards people who do not believe in a devil or demon.
We will now finish our classification of integral exclusivisms
with one unitary manifestation of theism-related and one of
general superiority-related exism. Since the cladograms of
theodemonism- and general principalship-related exclusivism have
exactly the same structure, both unitary manifestations at the
end are quantitative. Quantitative theism-related exclusivism
(X.10033) is exism re a person or group of people on the basis
of the number of gods recognized; quantitative general
superiority-related exclusivism (X.10037) is exism re a person or
group of people on the basis of the number of superior principal
beings recognized.
The dimensional manifestations of quantitative theism-related
exclusivism for a trichotomous subdivision are: theist-,
atheist-, monotheist- and polytheist-person-centered
exclusivism (X.10033.10 & 11 & 20 & 21). (The subdivision is
trichotomous because theist(ic) is mono- or polytheist(ic).)
It is not necessary to mention the componential and operational
manifestations of theist- and atheist-person-centered exclusivism;
they will tell the same story as religious and irreligious
person-centered exclusivism. The only thing which deserves to be
mentioned separately in this language is lingual external
abnegational atheist-person-centered exclusivism (X.10033.10.13.10).
It is the infiltration of external abnegational atheist-person-centered
exism into traditional language and involves (the
acceptance of) the employment of ungodly in the sense of
wicked, outrageous or unreasonable to refer to other
people by those believing in one or more gods themselves. It is
precisely such an attitude of calling people who do not believe
in the same things as themselves "wicked" which has made the
belief of traditional theists notorious for its intolerance. But
apart from the immorality of this attitude, it is also a very
unwise one to take, because if not discontinued, this kind of
language is bound to backfire. A theist may be right if
`e
claims that an atheist who neither believes in gods nor in
norms has no reason not to be wicked. But so far as normist
non-theodemonists are concerned the situation is rather the
other way around. The reason why will be revealed when we are
going to study the question of denominational primacy. However,
there is one great comfort for those suffering from abnegational
atheist-person-centered exclusivism: the adherents of the present,
inclusivistic doctrine shall never be allowed to call any
person "wicked", or "godly" in the sense of wicked, just
because that person believes in one or more gods or demons and
does not believe in the primacy of the normative.
Quantitative theism-related exclusivism is paralleled by
quantitative general superiority-related exclusivism. Of this
unitary exism we will only mention the first and the second
disjunctive manifestations. The first disjunctive of quantitative
general superiority-related exclusivism (X.10037.14) is exism re
a person or group of persons recognizing one or more superior
principal beings in their denominational system of thought; the
second disjunctive (X.10037.15) is exism re a person or group of
persons who do not recognize any superior principal being in
their denominational system of thought. Exclusivism with respect
to people who recognize a/the supreme being is of the former
type, and exclusivism with respect to people who do not
recognize a/the supreme being of the latter type. If 'every'
supreme being were a god, this manifestation of exclusivism
would not have to be mentioned again. The second disjunctive
would then simply be atheist-person-centered exism and the first
one theist-person-centered exism so far as the supreme being is
concerned. But a supreme being is not necessarily a god,
and the supreme being is not.
When we examined the role of normative supremeness in
denominationalism (I.6.2.4) it was pointed out that it is
erroneous to assume that a supreme being and a (sole) god would
be identical. And it was argued too that every denominational
doctrine has at least an implicit notion of what is, or would
be, normatively superior or supreme. Having chosen
the norm of inclusivity as the first norm of
our doctrine, we have implicitly
recognized relevance as being superior to irrelevance. On our
model the supreme being, or the image of (the) supreme being,
therefore cannot be the product of any form of supreme exclusivism.
In other words, it cannot be a god or the image of a god.
But we have, then, merely established what the supreme being, or
the image of (the) supreme being, cannot be, or must not be of
necessity. Inclusivism does not constitute a complete
denominational doctrine nor does it furnish us with a substantive
picture of supremeness; not by itself and even not in combination
with the principle of truth and
the right to personhood.
The reason is simply that the norm of inclusivity as an
interpreted principle of discriminational relevance presupposes
a choice of one or more values. Altho some of the values which
people have selected, or still select, are already illegitimate
from the standpoint of relevance itself, it is not, and cannot
be, correct that all other values would be legitimate and
representative of normative supremeness. Hence, the fundamental
question we are now faced with is what is the superior goal, or
what are the superior goals, of discriminational relevance?.
The fundamental choice leading to its answer we have already
made in adopting that interpretation of the principle of
discriminational relevance which is neutralistic.
2.5.3.0
SUPREME BEING ABOVE GOD AND DEMON
The supreme being does not necessarily
live or exist on Earth
nor in a place away from this earth.
It may, but it need not
-- and it is irrelevant.
The supreme being does not necessarily
have a human form and feelings
nor a nonhuman form and feelings.
It may, but it need not
-- and it is irrelevant.
The supreme being does not necessarily
have the color of your own race
nor that of any other race or people.
It may, but it need not
-- and it is irrelevant.
The supreme being does not necessarily
have the attributes of the male sex
nor those of the female sex.
It may, but it need not
-- and it is irrelevant.
If it were any of these things
of necessity,
or if it had any of these things
of necessity,
it would be a god or a demon.
And as a god or a demon
it could never be the supreme being.
For supreme being is neutrality
with regard to all of us, and
with regard to all others.